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Negative tb test pictures11/25/2023 ![]() ![]() In that country, 25 173 TB cases were reported, with an incidence rate of 92 per 100 000 population in 2018. The incidence of tuberculosis cases rose from 11,702 in 1990 to approximately 27,000 in 2015 in Malaysia. There were an estimated 1.2 million TB deaths, with an additional 208 000 deaths resulting from TB coinfection with HIV. There were approximately half a million new cases of rifampicin-resistant TB (of which 78% had multidrug resistance) globally, but only 206 030 new cases of MDR/RR-TB were detected and notified in 2019. Īccording to the World Health Organization (WHO) global tuberculosis report, there were approximately 10.0 million new TB cases worldwide in 2019, but only 7.0 million cases were notified, for a large gap in TB notifications. The chance of transmissibility increases if there is a delay in disease detection and treatment initiation. If another person inhales air containing these droplet nuclei, the probability of getting infected is very high. The most common form is pulmonary TB, which is easily spread by aerosol droplets. TB usually affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body, such as the brain, spine, and many other organ systems. It is among the top ten leading causes of death worldwide. Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the single infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and it is one of the oldest known chronic infectious diseases. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: Kabir S, Parash MTH, Emran NA, Ahmed A, Othman MA, Avoi R Grant numbers: SGPUMS (SBK025) The full name of funder: Pusat Penyelidikan Dan Inovasi, Universiti Malaysia Sabah URL of funder website: The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Received: OctoAccepted: Published: May 20, 2021Ĭopyright: © 2021 Kabir et al. PLoS ONE 16(5):Įditor: Frederick Quinn, The University of Georgia, UNITED STATES The additional 21 PTB cases detection from the presumptive cases by GeneXpert had significant impact compared to initial observation by the routine tests which overcame the diagnostic challenges and ambiguities.Ĭitation: Kabir S, Parash MTH, Emran NA, Hossain ABMT, Shimmi SC (2021) Diagnostic challenges and Gene-Xpert utility in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis among suspected cases of Pulmonary tuberculosis. In comparison to sputum for AFB, Gene-Xpert showed more sensitivity and specificity with almost complete accuracy. However, out of 185 smear-negative presumptive cases, 21 cases were positive by Gene-Xpert MTB/RIF assay in that a sample showed drug resistance, and these results were confirmed by MTB culture, showing resistance to isoniazid. Out of 50 pulmonary TB cases (smear-positive with AFB staining), 49 samples were positive according to the Gene-Xpert MTB/RIF assay and was confirmed by MTB culture. The majority (50.71%) of the cases belonged to the 25–44-year-old age group and the Bajau ethnicity (57.74%). In this study, TB was more common in males than in females. The area under the curve for sputum for both AFB and gene-Xpert was analyzed to compare their accuracy in diagnosing TB. To assess the efficacy of the diagnostic test, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated. ![]() The demographic data were analyzed to investigate the association of patient gender, age group, and ethnicity by chi-square test. ![]() This cross-sectional study included 235 participants who went to the Luyang primary health care clinic from September 2016 to June 2017. This study was designed to reduce the underdiagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary TB and to assess the clinical and radiological characteristics of PTB patients. The Gene-Xpert MTB/RIF assay is a useful tool for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) with rifampicin resistance within approximately two hours by using a nucleic acid amplification technique. The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) can be reduced by preventing transmission with rapid and precise case detection and early treatment. ![]()
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